Curcumin Encapsulated into Biocompatible Co-Polymer PLGA Nanoparticle Enhanced Anti-Gastric Cancer and Anti-Helicobacter Pylori Effect

Background: The current disadvantages (high cost, toxicity, resistance) of chemotherapy for gastric cancer opted people for alternative therapy from natural source. Curcumin (natural product) possess multiple biological activities but low bio-availability limits their uses as therapeutic. The Nano-formulation of curcumin increased the bioavailability and productivity of anti-cancer and anti-bacterial properties. The present study was initiated to determine the anti-cancer and anti-bacterial effect of Nano curcumin against gastric cancer and H. pylori. Methods: Curcumin loaded PLGA nanoparticles (CUR-NPs) was prepared by single emulsion solvent evaporation method. The MIC were determined using agar dilution method to find the anti-H. Pylori activity of Nano curcumin. The cytotoxicity of Nano curcumin was evaluated by MTT assay and the apoptotic effect (cell cycle arrest and morphology change) was shown by PI staining and microscopy. Results: The MIC of nanocurcumin and curcumin for all four H. pylori strains were 8 µg/ml and 16 µg/ml respectively. The inhibition rate of gastric cancer cells after treatment with curcumin was increased from 6% to 67% for 24h, from 8% to 75% for 48h, from 10% to 83% for 72h. In case of nanocurcumin, the inhibition rate increased from 7% to 69% for 24h, 11% to 87% for 48h and 16% to 97% for 72h. The IC50 of curcumin and Nano-curcumin were 24.20 µM and 18.78 µM respectively for 72 h. The population of cells in sub-G0 population increased from 4.1% in the control group to 24.5% and 57.8% when treated with curcumin and nanocurcumin respectively. After 72h of treatment with nanocurcumin, the apoptotic cells population increased as compared to native curcumin treated cells. Conclusion: The Nano curcumin might be used as a potential therapeutics against gastric cancer and H. Pylori. There is need of further in vivo study in order to validate CUR-NPs activity.     

前列腺癌早期诊断的研究进展北大核心

前列腺癌(prostate cancer, PCa)是中老年男性常见恶性肿瘤之一,目前尚缺乏有效的晚期癌症治疗方法,因此早期诊断对于降低PCa死亡率至关重要。近年来,较多研究开发出多种新型诊断方法以改善对PCa诊断的准确性,同时避免过度诊疗,但其有效性及实用性尚需进一步验证。本文对目前新型生物标志物、联合成像技术及风险预测模型等的早期诊断技术进行总结,以期为临床研究提供指导作用。     

乳腺对比增强能谱X线摄影的研究现状北大核心

对比增强能谱X线摄影(contrast enhancement spectral mammography, CESM)是在普通X线检查的基础上结合血管造影剂进行检查的一种新技术,是通过注射造影剂有效消除组织重叠对病灶的遮盖,实现对肿块真实形态显示,并提供血供信息。目前临床上对CESM进行了一系列的研究,本文就CESM成像原理、对乳腺癌的诊断、应用前景几个方面进行综述。     

几何不确定性鲁棒优化在肝癌立体定向放疗中的应用

目的:分析基于几何不确定性的鲁棒优化计划对肝癌立体定向放疗（SBRT）剂量分布的影响。方法:选取12例肝癌SBRT患者，对每例制作3个调强计划:①基于PTV（ITV-PTV 5 mm）的常规优化（PTV-Based Plan）；②基于ITV非均匀几何不确定性（本中心计算的不确定性值:进出方向7 mm，左右和前后方向4 mm）的鲁棒优化（Robust Planactual）；③基于ITV均匀5 mm几何不确定性的鲁棒优化（Robust Plan5 mm）。所有计划都以95%的PTV满足处方剂量作为目标，以等中心均匀偏移4、5、7 mm计算扰动剂量评估鲁棒性。结果:计划①②③的均匀性指数（HI）分别为0.083±0.027、0.099±0.035、0.096±0.026，不具有统计学意义；计划①②③的适形性指数（CI）分别为0.98±0.02、1.02±0.05、1.00±0.04，计划②③相对于计划①的CI具有统计学意义。计划③的正常肝组织平均受量和V2500相对于计划①②分别下降了4.1%、2.5%和5.4%、3.0%，且具有统计学意义（P=0.034、P=0.021和P=0.004、P=0.004），计划②相对于计划①的正常肝组织平均受量和V2500不具有统计学意义（P=0.308和P=0.182），但下降了1.6%和2.5%。对于其鲁棒性，计划②③的5 mm-D99%、5 mm-D98%、5 mm-D95%的剂量-体积直方图带宽（DVHBW）差值相对于计划①更小，随着摆位不确定度的增大，其DVHBW差值越大。结论:在肝脏SBRT治疗中，采用鲁棒优化能够提高靶区剂量分布质量，即使在摆位不确定度有所增加的情况下，仍可以保证ITV的剂量覆盖同时不增加正常组织的照射剂量。     

Diagnostic pitfalls in needle core biopsy of the breast

Breast core biopsies are a standard component of the triple approach that includes clinical examination, imaging and tissue sampling. Conventional cores, diagnostic vacuum assisted biopsy and vacuum assisted excisions are established methods for sampling and managing breast lesions. It is important to be aware of the potential pitfalls in the technical handling and interpretation of the limited core biopsy samples. Here, we present a clinically oriented, well illustrated overview of the common diagnostic pitfalls based on the author's diagnostic and second opinion practice, emphasize the value of clinicopathological correlation and provide histological tips and clues with useful immunohistochemistry to aid the reporting pathologists in their daily interpretation of breast core biopsies.     

Global colorectal cancer research, 2007-2021: Outputs and funding

The purpose of this study was to provide an evidence base for colorectal cancer research activity that might influence policy, mainly at the national level. Improvements in healthcare delivery have lengthened life expectancy, but within a situation of increased cancer incidence. The disease burden of CRC has risen significantly, particularly in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Research is key to its control and reduction, but few studies have delineated the volume and funding of global research on CRC. We identified research papers in the Web of Science (WoS) from 2007 to 2021, and determined the contributions of the leading countries, the research domains studied, and their sources of funding. We identified 62 716 papers, representing 5.7% of all cancer papers. This percentage was somewhat disproportionate to the disease burden (7.7% in 2015), especially in Eastern Europe. International collaboration increased over the time period in almost all countries except in China. Genetics, surgery and prognosis were the leading research domains. However, research on palliative care and quality-of-life in CRC was lacking. In Western Europe, the main funding source was the charity sector, particularly in the UK, but in most other countries government played the leading role, especially in China and the USA. There was little support from industry. Several Asian countries provided minimal contestable funding, which may have reduced the impact of their CRC research. Certain countries must perform more CRC research overall, especially in domains such as screening, palliative care and quality-of-life. The private-non-profit sector should be an alternative source of support.